德甲外围

　　zhongguogongchandangzi1921niandanshengzhidangdeshibadaxianhouzhiding、xiuzhengguoshibacidangzhang 。zhongguogongchandangzaixinminzhuzhuyishiqizhidingguoqibudangzhang。qizhongyidadaoliudazhidingdeliubudangzhang，doushizaigongchanguojizhijiezhidaobangzhuxiazhidingde，fanyingchuzhongguogongchandangyounianshiqidangdejianshedeyixietedian。1945nianqidazhidingdedangzhang，zeshizai1943niangongchanguojijiesanhouyouzhongguogongchandangdulizizhuzhidingde，biaozhizhezhongguogongchandangzaizhengzhishanghedangdejiansheshangdewanquanchengshu。

德甲外围　　yida: tongguole《zhongguogongchandangdediyigegangling》qidaoledangzhangdezuoyong

　　1921nian7yuezaishanghaidejiawaiweidezhongguogongchandangdiyiciquanguodaibiaodahui，taolunbingtongguo《zhongguogongchandangdediyigegangling》，zheifen15tiaoyue700zidejianduangangling，quedingledangdemingcheng、fendoumubiao、jibenzhengce、tichulefazhandangyuan、jianlidifanghezhongyangjigoudengdejiawaiweizhidu，jianyoudangganghedangzhangdeneirong，shidangdediyigezhengshiwenxian。tongshi，taolunbingtongguode《zhongguogongchandangdediyigejueyi》，duijinhoudangdegongzuozuochuanpaibushu。

　　erda: taoluntongguode《zhongguogongchandangzhangcheng》 shiwodanglishishangdiyigedangzhang

　　1922nian7yuezaishanghaidejiawaiweidezhongguogongchandangdierciquanguodaibiaodahui，taolunhetongguole《zhongguogongchandangzhangcheng》 。zheibuzhangchengshizhongguogongchandangdiyibubijiaowanzhengdezhangcheng，gongliuzhang，ershijiutiao。zhangchengdiyicimingquetichulechedidifanduidiguozhuyihefanduifengjianzhuyideminzhugeminggangling，jidangdezuidigangling；diyicixiangjindiguidingledangyuantiaojianherudangshouxu，duidangdedejiawaiweiyuanze、dejiawaiweijigou、dangdejilvhezhidu，yedouzuolejutideguiding。

德甲外围　　sanda: zhongguogongchandangdiyicixiuzhengzhangcheng

　　1923nian6yuezaiguangzhoudejiawaiweidezhongguogongchandangdisanciquanguodaibiaodahui，tongguole《zhongguogongchandangdiyicixiuzhengzhangcheng》。zhangchenggongliuzhang，sanshitiao。taheerdatongguodedangzhangxiangbijiao，jibenshierdadangzhangyuanlaidejiegoudeneirong，zhishigebietiaowendegaidong。ruzaidejiawaiweidangyuanrudangshouxufangmian，diyiciguidinglexindangyuanhoubuqi(laodongzhesangeyue，feilaodongzheliugeyue)。dangzhanghaifenbieguidinglehoubudangyuanhezhengshidangyuandequanliheyiwu。

德甲外围　　sida: guidingdangyuansanrenyishangkechenglizhibu diyicijiangdangzhibuguidingweidangdejicengdanwei

德甲外围　　1925nian1yuezaishanghaidejiawaiweidezhongguogongchandangdisiciquanguodaibiaodahui，tongguole《zhongguogongchandangdiercixiuzhengzhangcheng》。zhangchengguiding，“fanyoudangyuansanrenyishangjundechengliyizhibu”，zaidangdelishishangdiyicijiangdangdezhibuguidingweidangdejicengdanwei。bingguidingcongsidakaishiduizhongyangweiyuanhuiweiyuanzhangdezhiwu，gaichengwei“zongshuji”；difanggejidangdezhixingweiyuanhuideweiyuanzhangzhiwu，gaichengwei“shuji”。

德甲外围　　wuda: meiyouzhuanmentaolunxiugaidangzhangdewenti bimuhoutongguo《zhongguogongchandangdisancixiuzhengzhangchengyijuean 》

　　1927nian4yuezhi5yuezhonggongzaiwuhandejiawaiweidediwuciquanguodaibiaodahuimeiyouzhuanmentaolunxiugaidangzhangdewenti，zaiwudatongguode《dejiawaiweiwentijueyian》zhong，“rendingbixugaizhengbingbuchongjiushidedangzhang”。wudabimuhoubujiu，zhonggongzhongyangzhengzhijuyu1927nian6yue1ritongguole《zhongguogongchandangdisancixiuzhengzhangchengyijuean 》。diyicimingqueguiding“dangbudezhidaoyuanzeweiminzhujizhongzhi”。zheishizaiwomendangdegenbenfaguishang，diyicichuxianminzhujizhongzhidetifa。tongshi，diyiciguidingrudangzhedenianlingbixuzai18suiyishang。diyicibadangyuqingniantuandeguanxilierudangzhang，bingguiding“qingniantuanzhongyang，yingpaidaibiaochuxidangdezhongyangzhengzhijuhuiyi，gejituanbuyiyingpaidaibiaocanjiagejidangbujiguanzhichangwuweiyuanhuiyi，cidengtuanbuzhichuxidaibiaoyingyoubiaojuequan。”

德甲外围　　liuda: tuchuqiangdiaolegongchanguojidelingdao

德甲外围　　1928nian6yuezhi7yuezaisulianmosikejuxingdezhongguogongchandangdiliuciquanguodaibiaodahui，tongguole《zhongguogongchandangdangzhang》。dangzhanggongshiwuzhang，wushisantiao。liudadangzhangjibenbaochilewudadangzhangdejibenneirong，zaijiegoushangzuoleyixiediaozheng。liudadangzhangjiaoyiqianjibudangzhang，gengjiatuchudiqiangdiaolegongchanguojidelingdao。zaidiyizhangguiding“zhongguogongchandangweigongchanguojizhiyibufen，mingmingwei‘zhongguogongchandang’，weigongchanguojizhibu”；zaidierzhangguiding“fanchengrengongchanguojihebendangdanggangjidangzhang，jiarudangdedejiawaiweizhiyi，zaiqizhongjijigongzuo，fuconggongchanguojihebendangyiqiejueyianqiejingchangjiaonadangfeizhe，jundeweibendangdangyuan”，zheishianzhaolieningjiandangsixiangduidangyuanzigezuolegengweiwanzhengdebiaoshu。zaidejiawaiweizhixingdangdeminzhujizhongzhidedejiawaiweiyuanzefangmian，guidingdangyuanjidifangdejiawaiweiyaowutiaojiandizhixing“gongchanguojidaibiaodahuihuobendangdaibiaodahui，huodangneizhidaojiguansuotichudemouzhongjueyi”，bingguidingdangdequanguodaibiaodahuiyao“degongchanguojitongyihouzhaojizhi”。

德甲外围　　qida: gongchanguojijiesanhouwodangdulizizhuzhidingdangzhang biaozhizhedangzaizhengzhidechengshu

　　1945nian4yuezhi6yuezaiyanandejiawaiweidezhongguogongchandangdiqiciquanguodaibiaodahui，tongguole《zhongguogongchandangdangzhang》，shiwodangdulizizhuzhidingdediyibudangzhang。qidadangzhanggongyoushiyizhangqishitiao。tadezhuyaotedianshi: diyi，zaidangzhangfazhanshishangdiyicizengjialedangzhangdezonggangbufen。zonggangshidangdezuijibendezhengzhiganglinghedejiawaiweigangling，shidangzhangdeqiantihezongze，shimeiyigedangyuan“yiqiehuodongdezhunze”。zonggangzongjieledangchengliershisinianlaidedouzhengjingyan，yijianjiedewenzichanmingledangdexingzhiyulilun，zhongguogemingdexingzhi、dongli、renwuhetedian，danglingdaozhongguogemingdejibenfangzhenhebixujubeidetiaojian。dier，quedinglemaozedongsixiangweiquandangdezhidaosixiang。disan，tebieqiangdiaoledangdequnzhongluxian。disi，gengjiawanshanledangdeminzhujizhongzhideyuanze，duikuodadangneiminzhuheshixingjizhongtongyilingdaozuolexiangxideguiding。

　　bada: dangzhizhengyihouzhidingdediyibudangzhang tichuquanmiandejiawaiweishehuizhuyijianshederenwu

德甲外围　　1956nian9yue26rizhonggongdibaciquanguodaibiaodahuitongguode《zhongguogongchandangzhangcheng》，shizhongguogongchandangzhizhengyihouzhidingdediyibudangzhang。tichulequanmiandejiawaiweishehuizhuyijianshederenwu。zonggangguiding: “zhongguogongchandangderenwu，jiushiyoujihuadifazhanguominjingji，jinkenengxunsudishixianguojiagongyehua，youxitong、youbuzhoudijinxingguominjingjidejishugaizao，shizhongguojuyouqiangdadexiandaihuadegongye、xiandaihuadenongye、xiandaihuadejiaotongyunshuyehexiandaihuadeguofang。”dangzhangduiguanchedangdeminzhujizhongzhidegenbenyuanzezuochulexuduoxinguiding。zhenduidangchuyuzhizhengdangdiweideqingkuang，qiangdiao“bixubuduandifayangdangdegongzuozhongdequnzhongluxiandechuantong”。ciwai，badadangzhangduidangdedejiawaiweijigouyezuoleyixiexindeguiding。ruzhongyangweiyuanhuichuxuanjuzhongyangzhengzhijuyiwai，haixuanjuzhongyangzhengzhijudechangwuweiyuanhui；dangdejianchaweiyuanhuizengjialeyaojijijianchadangyuanzunshoudangdezhangcheng、dangdejilv、gongchanzhuyidaodeheguojiafagui、falingdezhuangkuang；mingquegongchanzhuyiqingniantuanshidangdezhushou，zaidangdelingdaoxiajinxinggongzuodeng。shouciba“gejinsuoneng，anlaoquchou”defenpeiyuanzexiejindangzhang。

德甲外围　　jiuda: beililebadadangzhangdezhengquegangling

德甲外围　　1969nian4yue14rizhonggongdijiuciquanguodaibiaodahuitongguode《zhongguogongchandangzhangcheng》，tixianlejiudazaisixiangshang、zhengzhishanghedejiawaiweishangdecuowufangzhen。jiudadangzhangbeililebadadangzhangdezhengquegangling，foudinglebadayijingmingquededangdegongzuozhongdiandezhuanyihedanglingdaoshehuizhuyisigexiandaihuaderenwu。

德甲外围　　shida: jixulejiudade“zuo”decuowu

　　1973nian8yue28rizhonggongdishiciquanguodaibiaodahuitongguode《zhongguogongchandangzhangcheng》jixulejiudade“zuo”decuowu，yanxilejiudadangzhangdezongganghetiaowen，zhizuolegebiedexiugaihebuchong。

　　shiyida: huifulebadadejiawaiweibazhongguojianshechengsigexiandaihuadeshehuizhuyiqiangguodetifa

德甲外围　　1977nian8yue18rizhonggongdishiyiciquanguodaibiaodahuitongguode《zhongguogongchandangzhangcheng》shishinianneiluanjieshuyihoudediyibudangzhang。tahuifulebadadejiawaiweibazhongguojianshechengsigexiandaihuadeshehuizhuyiqiangguodetifa。zaineirongshangyujiuda、shidadangzhangbijiaozuolejiaoduodexiugai。piru: zaizonggangjiyouguantiaokuanzhongzengxieledejiawaiweiminzhujizhongzhideneirong；zaidangdezhongyangweiyuanhui，difangxianhexianyishang、junduituanhetuanyishanggejidangdeweiyuanhui，doushelijilvjianchaweiyuanhui；tichudangyaorenzhenzhixing“renrenweixian”deganbuzhengcedengdeng。danshi，youyushiyidarengrankendingshidadezhengzhiluxianhedejiawaiweiluxianshizhengquede，shiyidadangzhangmeinengqingchu“zuo”qingcuowudeyingxiang，zheixiecuowuzaidangdeshiyijiesanzhongquanhuihoucaidedaochedidejiuzheng。

　　shierda: xiqulelijiedangzhangzhengfanliangfangmiandejingyan chediqingchule“zuo”decuowu

德甲外围　　1982nian9yue6rizhonggongdishierciquanguodaibiaodahuishenyitongguole《zhongguogongchandangzhangcheng》。zheibudangzhangxiqulelijiedangzhangzhengfanliangfangmiandejingyan，shizaiqida、badadangzhangdejichushangfazhan、tigaoerxiechengde，yeshixiqulejiuda、shidadangzhangdejiaoxunbingchediqingchuleshiyidadangzhangzhongcunzaide“zuo”decuowuerxiechengde。shierdadangzhangdezhongyaotedianshi: diyi，youyigebibadadangzhanggengweichongshiwanzhengdezonggang，zonggangduidangdexingzhihedangdezhidaosixiang，duikexueshehuizhuyidelilunheshijian，duishehuizhuyizhidudeyouyuexing，duizhongguoxianjieduanshehuizhuyidezhuyaomaodunhedangdezongrenwu，duijiaqiangdangdejianshejibenyaoqiu，duidangzaiguojiashenghuozhongruhezhengquefahuizuoyongdouzuoleguiding。duimaozedongsixiang，xindangzhangzaishiyijieerzhongquanhuitongguode《dejiawaiweijianguoyilaidangderuoganlishiwentidejueyi》dejichushang，zuolebiqidagengkexuedebiaoshu。dier，xindangzhangduiquantidangyuan、dangdeganbutichubiguoqulicidangzhanggengjiayangedeyaoqiu。disan，duidangdeminzhujizhongzhizuolebijiaochongfen、bijiaojutideguiding。erqiexiqulelishijiaoxun，mingqueguiding“dangjinzhirenhexingshidegerenchongbai”，“fanshuzhongdawentidouyaoyoudangdeweiyuanhuiminzhutaolun，zuochujueding”。“buyunxurenhelingdaorenshixinggerenzhuanduanhebagerenlingjiayudejiawaiweizhishang”。disi，xindangzhangduidangdezhongyanghedifangdejiawaiweitizhizuolezhongyaodegaibianhexindeguiding，guidingdangdequanguodaibiaodahuizaixuanjuzhongyangweiyuanhuishi，haiyaoxuanjuzhongyangguwenweiyuanhuihezhongyangjilvjianchaweiyuanhui。haiguidingdangzhongyangzhishezongshuji，buzaishezhuxihefuzhuxi，“zongshujibixucongzhongyangzhengzhijuchangwuweiyuanhuiweiyuanzhongchansheng。”diwu，duijiaqianghegaishanzhizhengdangdelingdaoyezuoleyixiliejutideguiding。lingwai，shierdaxindangzhangshoucijiangrudangshicizairudangzhang。

德甲外围　　shisanda: duishierdadangzhangdebufentiaowenzuolexiuzheng

　　1987nian11yue1rizhonggongdishisanciquanguodaibiaodahuitongguode《dejiawaiwei〈zhongguogongchandangdangzhangbufentiaowenxiuzhengan〉dejueyi》，duishierdatongguodedangzhangbufentiaowendeneirongzuolexiuzheng。xiugaibufenshejidaoshierdadangzhangdeshigetiaokuan，jidishiyi、shiliu、shijiu、ershiyi、ershier、sanshi、sanshisan、sishisan、sishiliu、sishibatiao。

德甲外围　　shisida: jiansheyouzhongguoteseshehuizhuyidelilunhedangdejibenluxianguanchuandangzhangquanwen

　　1992nian10yue18rizhonggongdishisiciquanguodaibiaodahuitongguode《zhongguogongchandangzhangcheng》，duidangdeshierdatongguodedangzhangdejinyibuxiuzheng，tuchulejiansheyouzhongguoteseshehuizhuyidelilunhedangdejibenluxian，bingjiangqiguanchuandangzhangquanwen。xindangzhangzaizonggangbufen，zengjialedejiawaiweidangdeshiyijiesanzhongquanhuiyilailishijinchengdebiaoshu，chanmingshiyijiesanzhongquanhuiyilaidelishishiwomendangkaichuangjiansheyouzhongguoteseshehuizhuyidaolubingbuduanqianjindelishi。bazheiyiduanlishixierudangzhang，fanyinglejiansheyouzhongguoteseshehuizhuyidelilundexingchenghefazhanguocheng。xindangzhangbadengxiaopingtongzhijiansheyouzhongguoteseshehuizhuyidelilunhezaizheigelilunzhidaoxiazhidingdedangde“yigezhongxin、lianggejibendian”dejibenluxianjiyixiliefangzhenzairudangzhang，bingduidangdegongzuohedangdejianshetichuleqieheshijidexinyaoqiu。genjuzhongyangguwenweiyuanhuixiangdangdeshisidatichudejianyi，congshisidaqi，buzaishelidangdezhongyangguwenweiyuanhuihesheng、zizhiqu、zhixiashiguwenweiyuanhui。jianci，dangzhangshanquyouguanguwenweiyuanhuidetiaowen。

　　shiwuda: badengxiaopinglilunqueliweidangdezhidaosixiang

　　1997nian9yue18rizhonggongdishiwuciquanguodaibiaodahuitongguole《zhongguogongchandangzhangchengxiuzhengan》。zheicixiugaidangzhangjizhongzaiyigezhongdawentishang，jizaidangzhangzhongmingqueguiding，badengxiaopinglilunqueliweidangdezhidaosixiang。dangzhangzonggangguiding: “zhongguogongchandangyimakesilieningzhuyi、maozedongsixiang、dengxiaopinglilunzuoweizijidexingdongzhinan。”dangzhangzonggangzaiyuanlaidejiawaiweimakesilieningzhuyidelunshuhedejiawaiweimaozedongsixiangdelunshuzhihou，duiyuanlaiyouguanjiansheyouzhongguoteseshehuizhuyililundeneirongjiayidiaozhengbuchong，xingchengledejiawaiweidengxiaopinglilundelunshu: “shiyijiesanzhongquanhuiyilai，yidengxiaopingtongzhiweizhuyaodaibiaodezhongguogongchandangren，zongjiejianguoyilaizhengfanliangfangmiandejingyan，jiefangsixiang，shishiqiushi，shixianquandanggongzuozhongxinxiangjingjijianshedezhuanyi，shixinggaigekaifang，kaipileshehuizhuyishiyefazhandexinshiqi，zhubuxingchenglejiansheyouzhongguoteseshehuizhuyideluxian、fangzhen、zhengce，chanminglezaizhongguojiansheshehuizhuyi、gongguhefazhanshehuizhuyidejibenwenti，chuangliledengxiaopinglilun。dengxiaopinglilunshimakesilieningzhuyidejibenyuanlitongdangdaizhongguoshijianheshidaitezhengxiangjiehedechanwu，shimaozedongsixiangzaixindelishitiaojianxiadejichenghefazhan，shimakesizhuyizaizhongguofazhandexinjieduan，shidangdaizhongguodemakesizhuyi，shizhongguogongchandangjitizhihuidejiejing，yindaozhewoguoshehuizhuyixiandaihuashiyebuduanqianjin。”xiuzhenghoudedangzhangduidisantiaodiyikuan、disanshiyitiaodierkuan、disanshisitiaodiyikuandewenzizuolexiangyingdediaozheng，guidingdangyuanhedangdeganbuyaorenzhenxueximakesilieningzhuyi、maozedongsixiang、dengxiaopinglilun。

　　shiliuda: ba“sangedaibiao”zhongyaosixiangxierudangzhang

德甲外围　　2002nian11yue14ri，zhongguogongchandangdishiliuciquanguodaibiaodahuitongguoledejiawaiwei《zhongguogongchandangzhangcheng(xiuzhengan)》dejueyi，ba“sangedaibiao”zhongyaosixiangtongmakesilieningzhuyi、maozedongsixiang、dengxiaopinglilunyidaoqueliweidangbixuzhangqijianchidezhidaosixiang。zheicidangzhangxiugaigongzuo，tuchule“sangedaibiao”zhongyaosixiangduixinxingshixiadangdegongzuohedangdejianshedezhidaozuoyong，jianchileyushijujinhegaigechuangxindejingshen，zaibaochidangzhangzhengtikuangjiabubiandeqiantixia，duiyixieneirongzuoleshidangxiugaihuobuchongwanshan。shiliudaduidangzhangzuolejixiangzhongyaoxiugai ，diyi、dangzhangzonggangbufen，zengjialedejiawaiweidangdeshisanjiesizhongquanhuiyilailishijinchengdebiaoshu，chanshule“sangedaibiao”zhongyaosixiangdelishidiweihezhongyaozuoyong。dier、duidangdexingzhizuolejinyibuchanshu。disan、jiehezhongguoshijiduimakesilieningzhuyidejiawaiweirenleishehuifazhanguilvdebiaoshuzuolexindegaikuo。disi、zonggangzhongduiwoguoxinshijixinjieduanjingjiheshehuifazhandezhanlvemubiaohezhidaoyuanzezengjialexinneirong。diwu、duidangdejianshehedangdelingdaotichulexinyaoqiu。diliu、duidangyuanduiwuheganbuduiwujianshetichulexinyaoqiu。diqi、duidangdejicengdejiawaiweideyouguanguidingzuolebuchonghexiugai。diba、duidangdejilvjianchajiguandezhizeherenwuzuolebuchongguiding。dijiu、duizhongguogongchanzhuyiqingniantuandexingzhizuolejinyibudebiaoshu。dishi、zengxieledanghuidangqiyizhang，zuoweidishiyizhang。

　　shiqida: jiang“kexuefazhanguan”xierudangzhang

　　2007nian10yue21ri，zhongguogongchandangdishiqiciquanguodaibiaodahuitongguole《zhongguogongchandangzhangcheng(xiuzhengan)》，kexuefazhanguan、zhongguoteseshehuizhuyidaoluhezhongguoteseshehuizhuyililuntixidengmakesizhuyizhongguohuadezuixinchengguo，xinzengrudangzhang。zengxiedediqiziranduanbiaoshuwei: shiliudayilai，dangzhongyangjianchiyidengxiaopinglilunhe“sangedaibiao”zhongyaosixiangweizhidao，genjuxindefazhanyaoqiu，jizhongquandangzhihui，tichuleyirenweiben、quanmianxiediaokechixufazhandekexuefazhanguan。dangzhangzongganghetiaowenbufendeqitaxiugai，yedoutixianlekexuefazhanguandeyaoqiu。dangzhangzonggangzaizongjiegaigekaifangdeweidalishijinchengshi，zengxieledibaziranduan，qiangdiaogaigekaifangyilaiwomenqudeyiqiechengjihejinbudegenbenyuanyin，guijieqilaijiushi: kaipilezhongguoteseshehuizhuyidaolu，xingchenglezhongguoteseshehuizhuyililuntixi。dangdeshiqidatongguodedangzhangxiuzhenganzhuyaoxiugaineironggongyou15tiao，jichongfentixianledangdelilunchuangxinheshijianfazhandezhongdachengguo，youchongshilelunshudangdejibenluxianhezhongguoteseshehuizhuyishiyezongtibujudeneirong，chongshiledangdejianshedeneirong。

德甲外围　　shibada:tongguodedangzhangxiuzhengan，duidangzhanggongzuole30chuxiugai，gaikuoqilaizhuyaoshi6gefangmiandeneirong。

　　(1)duikexuefazhanguandediweizuochudingweihechanshu。diyi，bakexuefazhanguantongmakesilieningzhuyi、maozedongsixiang、dengxiaopinglilun、“sangedaibiao”zhongyaosixiangyidao，queliweiwomendangdexingdongzhinan。zheiyouliyubakexuefazhanguanguanchedaowoguoshehuizhuyixiandaihuajianshequanguocheng、tixiandaodangdejianshegefangmian。dier，chongshiledangdeshiliudayilaidangdelilunchuangxintebieshikexuefazhanguandedingweideneirong。zaizongjieshijianjingyandejichushang，jiyuduikexuefazhanguandexinrenshi，dangzhangxiuzhenganzonggangdiqiziranduanchongshileneirong，biaoshuwei: shiliudayilai，yihujintaotongzhiweizhuyaodaibiaodezhongguogongchandangren，jianchiyidengxiaopinglilunhe“sangedaibiao”zhongyaosixiangweizhidao，genjuxindefazhanyaoqiu，shenkerenshihehuidalexinxingshixiashixianshenmeyangdefazhan、zenyangfazhandengzhongdawenti，xingchengleyirenweiben、quanmianxiediaokechixufazhandekexuefazhanguan。kexuefazhanguan，shitongmakesilieningzhuyi、maozedongsixiang、dengxiaopinglilunhe“sangedaibiao”zhongyaosixiangjiyimaixiangchengyouyushijujindekexuelilun，shimakesizhuyidejiawaiweifazhandeshijieguanhefangfalundejizhongtixian，shizhongguogongchandangjitizhihuidejiejing，shifazhanzhongguoteseshehuizhuyibixujianchiheguanchedezhidaosixiang。zaidangzhangzhongzuozheiyangdechongshi，youliyuquandangzengqiangguancheluoshikexuefazhanguandezijuexinghejiandingxing，jinyibubasixiangtongyidaokexuefazhanshanglai。

德甲外围　　(2)chongshiwanshanzhongguoteseshehuizhuyizhuyaochengjiudeneirong。zhongguoteseshehuizhuyidaolu，zhongguoteseshehuizhuyililuntixi，zhongguoteseshehuizhuyizhidu，shidangherenminzhangqifendou、chuangzao、jileidegenbenchengjiu。zaizheicidangzhangxiugaiqiandezhengqiuyijianguochengzhong，gediqugebumenyizhijianyi，zaidangzhangzhongduizheigegenbenchengjiuzuowanzhengbiaoshu。dangzhangxiuzhengancainazheigeyijian，chongshilezonggangdibaziranduandeneirong，bakaipilezhongguoteseshehuizhuyidaolu，xingchenglezhongguoteseshehuizhuyililuntixi，quelilezhongguoteseshehuizhuyizhidu，zuoweigaigekaifangyilaiwomenqudeyiqiechengjihejinbudegenbenyuanyin。tongshiqiangdiao，quandangtongzhiyaobeijiazhenxi、zhangqijianchihebuduanfazhanzheitiaodaolu、zheigeliluntixi、zheigezhidu。zengxiezheigeneirong，youliyuquandangtongzhishenhuaduizhongguoteseshehuizhuyiderenshi，quanmianbawozhongguoteseshehuizhuyidekexueneihan，zengqiangjianchihefazhanzhongguoteseshehuizhuyidezijuexinghejiandingxing。

　　(3)chongshilejianchigaigekaifangdeneirong。xinshiqizuixianmingdetedianshigaigekaifang，jianchigaigekaifangshiwomendeqiangguozhilu。woguoguoqu30duoniandekuaisufazhankaodeshigaigekaifang，weilaifazhanyebixujiandingbuyiyikaogaigekaifang。zaizheicidangzhangxiugaiqiandezhengqiuyijianguochengzhong，yixiediqu、bumenjianyi，zaidangzhangzhongjinyibuqianghuagaigekaifangneirongdefenliang。dangzhangxiuzhengancainazheigeyijian，zaizonggangdishisanziranduanzengxiele“zhiyougaigekaifang，cainengfazhanzhongguo、fazhanshehuizhuyi、fazhanmakesizhuyi”deneirong。chongshizheifangmiandeneirong，youliyuquandangquanguorenmingengjiashenkerenshijianchigaigekaifangdezhongdayiyi，gengjiazijue、gengjiajiandingdituijingaigekaifang。

德甲外围　　(4)chongshilezhongguoteseshehuizhuyishiyezongtibujudeneirong。diyi，bashengtaiwenmingjianshetongjingjijianshe、zhengzhijianshe、wenhuajianshe、shehuijiansheyidao，naruzhongguoteseshehuizhuyishiyewuweiyitidezongtibuju。suizhewoguojingjishehuifazhanbuduanshenru，shengtaiwenmingjianshedediweihezuoyongriyituxian，womenduishengtaiwenmingjianshederenshibuduanshenhua。dangdeshibadabaogaobashengtaiwenmingjianshenaruzhongguoteseshehuizhuyishiyewuweiyitizongtibuju。dangzhangxiuzhenganjucizaizonggangdijiuziranduanzengxieleshengtaiwenmingjianshedeneirong，tongshizhuanmenzengxieleshengtaiwenmingjiansheyiduan，zuoweidishibaziranduan。zuozheiyangdexiugai，shizhongguoteseshehuizhuyishiyedebujugengjiawanshan，shishengtaiwenmingjianshedezhanlvediweigengjiamingque，youliyuquanmiantuijinzhongguoteseshehuizhuyishiye。dier，chongshilejingjijianshe、zhengzhijianshe、wenhuajianshe、shehuijianshedeneirong。jinnianlai，womendanganzhaokexuefazhandeyaoqiu，zaituijinjingjijianshe、zhengzhijianshe、wenhuajianshe、shehuijianshefangmiantichulexindejutiyaoqiu，quelileyixiliezhongdafangzhenzhengce，zaishijianzhongjileilexindejingyan。genjugediqugebumenjianyi，dangzhangxiuzhenganbazheixiexinyaoqiu、xinjingyanhezhongdafangzhenzhengcechongshidaoyouguanduanluozhong。yishizengxielefazhanshehuizhuyishichangjingjideneirong。dangzhangxiuzhenganzonggangdishisiziranduanzengxielecujingongyehua、xinxihua、chengzhenhua、nongyexiandaihuatongbufazhandeneirong。zuozheiyangdexiugai，youliyuquandangquanguorenmingengjiaquanmiandirenshixinshijixinjieduanshehuizhuyixiandaihuajianshederenwu。ershizengxielefazhanshehuizhuyiminzhuzhengzhideneirong。dangzhangxiuzhenganzonggangdishiwuziranduanzengxiele“fazhangengjiaguangfan、gengjiachongfen、gengjiajianquanderenminminzhu，wanshanzhongguoteseshehuizhuyifalvtixi”deneirong。zuozheiyangdexiugai，youliyuwomenjianchizouzhongguoteseshehuizhuyizhengzhifazhandaolu，jijiwentuotuijinzhengzhitizhigaige，buduanfazhanshehuizhuyiminzhuzhengzhi，jiansheshehuizhuyifazhiguojia。sanshizengxielefazhanshehuizhuyixianjinwenhuadeneirong。dangzhangxiuzhenganzonggangdishiliuziranduanzengxiele“jiansheshehuizhuyiwenhuaqiangguo、jiaqiangshehuizhuyihexinjiazhitixijianshe”deneirong。zuozheiyangdexiugai，youliyuquandangtongzhilaolaobawofazhanshehuizhuyixianjinwenhuadeqianjinfangxiang，shuligaodudewenhuazijuehewenhuazixin，dalifazhanwenhuashiyehewenhuachanye，tigaoguojiawenhuaruanshili，tuidongshehuizhuyiwenhuadafazhandafanrong。sishizengxielegoujianshehuizhuyihexieshehuideneirong。dangzhangxiuzhenganzonggangdishiqiziranduanzengxiele“shifazhanchengguogengduogenggongpinghuijiquantirenmin、jiaqianghechuangxinshehuiguanli”deneirong，jiang“yigaishanminshengweizhongdian”xiugaiwei“yibaozhanghegaishanminshengweizhongdian”。zheiyouliyuningjurenxin，jifaguangdarenminqunzhongtoushenzhongguoteseshehuizhuyishiyedejijixing、zhudongxing、chuangzaoxing，youliyushiyingxingshifazhanxuyaotigaoshehuiguanlishuiping、goujianzhongguoteseshehuizhuyishehuiguanlitixi，tuidongxingchengshehuihexierenrenyouze、hexieshehuirenrengongxiangdeshengdongjumian。

　　(5)chongshiwanshandejiawaiweidangdejianshezongtiyaoqiudebiaoshu。dangdeshiqidayilai，suizhedangdejiansheshijianfazhan，womendangduimakesizhuyizhizhengdangjiansheguilvderenshibuduanshenhua，zhengshidangmianlindekaoyanhefengxian，quanmiantuijindangdejianshexindeweidagongcheng，zhongshijiaqiangdangdechunjiexingjianshe，qiangdiaobuduantigaodangdejianshekexuehuashuiping。dangdeshibadabaogaotichu“jianshexuexixing、fuwuxing、chuangxinxingdemakesizhuyizhizhengdang”dexinyaoqiu。gediqugebumenpubianjianyi，genjudangdeshiqidayilaidangdejianshedeshijianfazhanhelilunchuangxinchengguo，duidangzhangzhongdejiawaiweidangdejianshezongtiyaoqiudeneirongzuobiyaoxiugai。cainazheixieyijian，dangzhangxiuzhenganduizonggangbufendejiawaiweidangdejianshezongtiyaoqiuchongshilexiangguanneirong。diershisanziranduanzengxielejiaqiangdangdechunjiexingjianshe，“zhengtituijindangdesixiangjianshe、dejiawaiweijianshe、zuofengjianshe、fanfuchanglianjianshe、zhidujianshe，quanmiantigaodangdejianshekexuehuashuiping”，“jianshexuexixing、fuwuxing、chuangxinxingdemakesizhuyizhizhengdang”deneirong。tongshi，diershisiziranduandierjuxiugaiwei“quandangyaoyongdengxiaopinglilun、‘sangedaibiao’zhongyaosixiang、kexuefazhanguanhedangdejibenluxiantongyisixiang、tongyixingdong‘diershiwuziranduanzhongqiuzhenwushideneirongyidaoshouju。diershiqiziranduanzengxiele“zunzhongdangyuanzhutidiwei”、jiaqiangduizhuyaolingdaoganbudejiandudeneirong。zuozheixiexiugai，shidangdejianshezongtiyaoqiugengjiawanshan。

德甲外围　　(6)duibufentiaowenzuoleshidangxiugai。zongjiexishoujinnianlaidangdejianshedechenggongjingyan，bingyuzonggangbufendexiangguanxiugaixiangxianjie，dangzhangxiuzhenganduitiaowenbufendejiawaiweidangyuan、dangdejicengdejiawaiwei、dangdeganbuzheisanzhangzuoleyixiexiugai。yishiduidangyuanyiwuzuoleshidangxiugai，duidisantiaodiyixiangzuolexiugai，qiangdiaorenzhenxueximakesilieningzhuyi、maozedongsixiang、dengxiaopinglilun、“sangedaibiao”zhongyaosixianghekexuefazhanguan。ershichongshiledangdejicengdejiawaiweidejibenrenwu，zengxielejijichuangxianzhengyoudeneirong，qiangdiaodangdejicengdejiawaiweiyaodejiawaiweidangyuanrenzhenxueximakesilieningzhuyi、maozedongsixiang、dengxiaopinglilun、“sangedaibiao”zhongyaosixianghekexuefazhanguan。sanshizengxieleyouguanganbuxuanbahejianduganbudeneirong，qiangdiaoxuanbaganbuyaojianchidecaijianbei、yideweixiandeyuanze，jianchiwuhusihai、renrenweixian；zengxieledangzhongshijianduganbudeneirong。sishizengxieledangdegejilingdaoganbubixujubeidejibentiaojiandeneirong，qiangdiaodangdegejilingdaoganbuyaojianchiyuanze，jiangdangxing、zhongpinxing、zuobiaolv。